实现归并排序算法的 Java 程序
要理解此示例,您应该具备以下 Java 编程的知识:
Java 中的归并排序
归并排序算法基于分治算法的原理,其中一个问题被划分为多个子问题。每个子问题单独解决,最后,子问题组合起来形成最终解决方案。
要了解更多信息,请访问合并排序算法。
示例:实现归并排序算法的 Java 程序
import java.util.Arrays;
// Merge sort in Java
public class Main {
// Merge two sub arrays L and M into array
void merge(int array[], int p, int q, int r) {
int n1 = q - p + 1;
int n2 = r - q;
int L[] = new int[n1];
int M[] = new int[n2];
// fill the left and right array
for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++)
L[i] = array[p + i];
for (int j = 0; j < n2; j++)
M[j] = array[q + 1 + j];
// Maintain current index of sub-arrays and main array
int i, j, k;
i = 0;
j = 0;
k = p;
// Until we reach either end of either L or M, pick larger among
// elements L and M and place them in the correct position at A[p..r]
// for sorting in descending
// use if(L[i] >= <[j])
while (i < n1 && j < n2) {
if (L[i] <= M[j]) {
array[k] = L[i];
i++;
} else {
array[k] = M[j];
j++;
}
k++;
}
// When we run out of elements in either L or M,
// pick up the remaining elements and put in A[p..r]
while (i < n1) {
array[k] = L[i];
i++;
k++;
}
while (j < n2) {
array[k] = M[j];
j++;
k++;
}
}
// Divide the array into two sub arrays, sort them and merge them
void mergeSort(int array[], int left, int right) {
if (left < right) {
// m is the point where the array is divided into two sub arrays
int mid = (left + right) / 2;
// recursive call to each sub arrays
mergeSort(array, left, mid);
mergeSort(array, mid + 1, right);
// Merge the sorted sub arrays
merge(array, left, mid, right);
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
// created an unsorted array
int[] array = { 6, 5, 12, 10, 9, 1 };
Main ob = new Main();
// call the method mergeSort()
// pass argument: array, first index and last index
ob.mergeSort(array, 0, array.length - 1);
System.out.println("Sorted Array:");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(array));
}
}
输出
Sorted Array:
[1, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12]
在这里,数组的元素按升序排序。如果我们想按降序对元素进行排序,那么在 merge()
方法的第一个 while
循环中,我们可以将代码更改为:
// the less than sign is changed to greater than
if (L[i] >= M[j]) {